What is IVDD?

Intervertebral discs act like shock absorbers between the bones of the spine. In many short‑legged breeds (such as Dachshunds), these discs can age and harden earlier in life. A hardened disc may bulge or suddenly burst (herniate), allowing material to press on the spinal cord. That pressure inflames and injures the nerves, causing pain, wobbliness, and in severe cases paralysis. Vets often describe different “types” of disc problems (such as Hansen Type I/II), but the core issue is the same: disc material where it shouldn’t be, compressing delicate spinal tissue.


Breeds prone to IVDD

Dachshunds are the poster dogs for IVDD, but other chondrodystrophic (short legged/long back) breeds are also at higher risk:

  • Beagle
  • Cocker Spaniel
  • Basset Hound
  • Pekingese
  • Shih Tzu
  • Lhasa Apso
  • French Bulldog
  • Pembroke Welsh Corgi

Large‑breed dogs and mixed breeds can also be affected, just less commonly. Age of onset in predisposed breeds is commonly mid‑life (around 3–8 years).

Signs and symptoms

Early recognition matters. Watch for:

  • Reluctance to move, jump, or play
  • hiding or becoming unusually quiet
  • Back or neck pain (yelp when picked up, stiff neck, arched back, muscle spasms)
  • Unsteady/wobbly gait
  • crossing legs
  • scuffing toe nails
  • difficulty turning
  • Knuckling on the paws
  • weakness in the back legs
  • Loss of bladder or bowel control
  • Sudden inability to stand or walk

Emergency: Sudden paralysis or loss of bladder control is an emergency. Contact us immediately.


How is IVDD diagnosed?

Your vet will start with a physical and neurological examination to localise where the spinal cord is affected. X‑rays can help rule out other causes (e.g., fractures), but they can’t show soft disc material pressing the spinal cord. For accurate localisation and surgical planning, advanced imaging (CT or MRI) is usually recommended. Blood and urine tests may be run to ensure it’s safe to use certain medications or to undergo anaesthesia.


Treatment options

Conservative (non‑surgical) care can be appropriate for dogs with pain and mild weakness: 

  • Strict rest (crate/pen) for 4–6 weeks to allow inflammation to settle
  • Pain relief and anti‑inflammatory medication; stomach protectants if prescribed
  • Assisted toileting and nursing care; sling support if needed
  • A tailored physiotherapy/rehab plan once your vet approves


Surgery is recommended when neurological deficits are moderate to severe, pain can’t be controlled, or conservative care fails. Surgery removes the disc material compressing the spinal cord and is often followed by rest and a structured rehabilitation program. Timing matters, earlier intervention often improves outcomes.


Prognosis – what to expect

Many dogs recover remarkably well. Dogs that are still able to feel their toes (deep pain sensation present) have a good chance of walking again with appropriate care. Dogs that have lost deep pain sensation can still recover, but the prognosis is more guarded. Your vet will grade your dog’s neurological status and discuss expected outcomes, risks (such as rare progressive myelomalacia), and timelines for recovery. Most dogs need weeks of rest and then gradual, guided return to activity.


Prevention & everyday back care

While no plan can eliminate genetic risk, you can lower the chance of an injury and support recovery by:

  • Keep them lean: Use measuring cups or a kitchen scale. Ask us for a body‑condition check and feeding plan
  • Harness over collar for walks: teach loose‑lead walking to reduce jerking forces
  • Avoid high‑impact activities: jumping on/off couches or beds, sprinting stairs, leaping to catch balls. Use ramps beside beds/sofas and in/out of cars; add non‑slip mats on slippery floors. Supervise play to avoid rough‑housing and high‑speed chases
  • Crate/pen as a safe “den” and for rest during flare‑ups or when unsupervised
  • Safe lifting: One arm under the chest, the other under the hindquarters; keep the back level
  • Rehab & supplements: Ask us about physiotherapy and whether joint‑support supplements (e.g., omega‑3s) are appropriate for your dog
  • Plan for costs: Consider pet insurance or an emergency savings fund. Spinal surgery and hospital care can be expensive

We’re here to help

If you notice any of the signs above, especially sudden weakness or loss of bladder control, contact the clinic immediately. With prompt care and the right plan, many dogs with IVDD return to a happy, active life.